What is Panic Disorder?
Panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder characterised by recurrent and unexpected panic attacks.
These sudden episodes of intense fear trigger severe physical reactions, even when no real danger is present. They also occur with persistent concern about having more attacks or their consequences, leading to changes in behaviour to avoid them.
Panic Disorder appears to present around adolescence, but is more commonly seen in young people between the ages 15 and 19.
Panic disorder can be distressing and disruptive, but effective treatments are available to help manage symptoms.
Symptoms of Panic Disorder
Panic attacks can happen at any time and often include:
- Rapid heartbeat or palpitations
- Shortness of breath or a choking sensation
- Dizziness, light-headedness, or feeling faint
- Trembling or shaking
- Sweating or chills
- Nausea or stomach discomfort
- Chest pain or discomfort
- Feelings of losing control or going crazy
- Fear of dying
- Tingling or numbness in hands or feet
- A sense of detachment or dissociation
Causes of Panic Disorder
While the exact cause of panic disorder is not fully understood, several factors may contribute to its development:
Genetics: A family history of panic disorder or anxiety disorders may increase risk.
Brain Chemistry: Imbalances in neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and norepinephrine, can play a role.
Stress and Trauma: Major life changes, chronic stress, or past trauma can trigger or worsen panic attacks.
Cognitive Patterns: A heightened sensitivity to bodily sensations and a tendency to misinterpret them as dangerous may contribute to panic attacks.
What is the Best Treatment for Panic Disorder/Panic Attacks?
Panic disorder is treatable, and evidence-based approaches have been proven effective in managing symptoms:
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT): Helps identify and challenge irrational fears and catastrophic thinking patterns. Uses exposure therapy to gradually reduce fear of panic attacks.
Medication: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are commonly prescribed.
Interoceptive Exposure Therapy: Helps individuals become less fearful of bodily sensations associated with panic attacks by gradually exposing them in a controlled setting.
Relaxation and Mindfulness Techniques: Breathing exercises, progressive muscle relaxation, and mindfulness practices help reduce anxiety and panic symptoms.
Lifestyle Modifications: Regular exercise, a healthy diet, and sufficient sleep can contribute to overall well-being and symptom reduction.
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