Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

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What is Obsessive-
Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?

OCD is a mental health condition characterised by persistent, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviours or mental acts (compulsions) performed to alleviate the distress caused by these thoughts.

These obsessions and compulsions can significantly interfere with daily functioning and quality of life.

In the United Kingdom, OCD affects approximately 1.2% of the population, or about 12 in every 1,000 people.

This prevalence spans from young children to adults, regardless of gender, social, or cultural background.

Notably, about 50% of these cases are classified as severe.

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What are the Symptoms of OCD?

Obsessions:
Unwanted, intrusive thoughts, images, or urges that cause significant anxiety or distress.

Common themes include: fear of contamination, harming others, or concerns about symmetry and order.
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Compulsions:
Repetitive behaviours or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety associated with obsessions.
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‍Examples include: excessive cleaning, checking, counting, or arranging items in a specific manner.

Individuals with OCD may recognise that their obsessions and compulsions are irrational, yet feel powerless to stop them.

Causes of OCD

The exact cause of OCD is not fully understood, but several factors have been linked:

Genetics:
A family history of OCD or other anxiety disorders may increase the risk.

Brain Structure and Functioning: Differences in certain areas of the brain and imbalances in neurotransmitters like serotonin may play a role.

Environmental Factors: Traumatic experiences, chronic stress, or significant life changes can trigger or exacerbate OCD symptoms.

What is the Best Treatment for OCD?

A number of effective, evidence-based treatments have demonstrated positive outcomes overall for managing OCD:‍

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT): Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), a form of CBT, involves gradual exposure to feared situations or thoughts and preventing the associated compulsive behaviours, helping individuals reduce anxiety and manage obsessions without resorting to compulsions.

Medication: Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly prescribe to help balance neurotransmitter levels and reduce OCD symptoms.

Mindfulness and Relaxation Techniques: Practices such as mindfulness meditation and progressive muscle relaxation can aid in managing anxiety and improving overall well-being.

Support Groups and Psychoeducation: Engaging with support groups and educational resources can provide additional coping strategies and a sense of community.

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